GSM is a single number that captures fabric heft: a typical T-shirt runs around 150–200 GSM, a quality heavyweight tee 220+, and a chunky sweatshirt 300+. The higher the number, the denser and more durable the cloth tends to feel.
It's the all-fabric equivalent of denim weight (measured in ounces) — a fast proxy for quality and warmth when you can't feel a garment in person.